LXXI. Unified ODBC functions
Introduction
In addition to normal ODBC support, the Unified ODBC functions in PHP allow you to access several databases that have borrowed the semantics of the ODBC API to implement their own API. Instead of maintaining multiple database drivers that were all nearly identical, these drivers have been unified into a single set of ODBC functions.
The following databases are supported by the Unified ODBC functions: Adabas D, IBM DB2, iODBC, Solid, and Sybase SQL Anywhere.
Note: There is no ODBC involved when connecting to the above databases. The functions that you use to speak natively to them just happen to share the same names and syntax as the ODBC functions. The exception to this is iODBC. Building PHP with iODBC support enables you to use any ODBC-compliant drivers with your PHP applications. iODBC is maintained by OpenLink Software. More information on iODBC, as well as a HOWTO, is available at www.iodbc.org.
Requirements
To access any of the supported databases you need to have the required libraries installed.
Installation
- --with-adabas[=DIR]
Include Adabas D support. DIR is the Adabas base install directory, defaults to /usr/local.
- --with-sapdb[=DIR]
Include SAP DB support. DIR is SAP DB base install directory, defaults to /usr/local.
- --with-solid[=DIR]
Include Solid support. DIR is the Solid base install directory, defaults to /usr/local/solid.
- --with-ibm-db2[=DIR]
Include IBM DB2 support. DIR is the DB2 base install directory, defaults to /home/db2inst1/sqllib.
- --with-empress[=DIR]
Include Empress support. DIR is the Empress base install directory, defaults to $EMPRESSPATH. From PHP4, this option only supports Empress Version 8.60 and above.
- --with-empress-bcs[=DIR]
Include Empress Local Access support. DIR is the Empress base install directory, defaults to $EMPRESSPATH. From PHP4, this option only supports Empress Version 8.60 and above.
- --with-birdstep[=DIR]
Include Birdstep support. DIR is the Birdstep base install directory, defaults to /usr/local/birdstep.
- --with-custom-odbc[=DIR]
Include a user defined ODBC support. The DIR is ODBC install base directory, which defaults to /usr/local. Make sure to define CUSTOM_ODBC_LIBS and have some odbc.h in your include dirs. E.g., you should define following for Sybase SQL Anywhere 5.5.00 on QNX, prior to run configure script: CPPFLAGS="-DODBC_QNX -DSQLANY_BUG" LDFLAGS=-lunix CUSTOM_ODBC_LIBS="-ldblib -lodbc".
- --with-iodbc[=DIR]
Include iODBC support. DIR is the iODBC base install directory, defaults to /usr/local.
- --with-esoob[=DIR]
Include Easysoft OOB support. DIR is the OOB base install directory, defaults to /usr/local/easysoft/oob/client.
- --with-unixODBC[=DIR]
Include unixODBC support. DIR is the unixODBC base install directory, defaults to /usr/local.
- --with-openlink[=DIR]
Include OpenLink ODBC support. DIR is the OpenLink base install directory, defaults to /usr/local. This is the same as iODBC.
- --with-dbmaker[=DIR]
Include DBMaker support. DIR is the DBMaker base install directory, defaults to where the latest version of DBMaker is installed (such as /home/dbmaker/3.6).
To disable unified ODBC support in PHP 3 add --disable-unified-odbc to your configure line. Only applicable if iODBC, Adabas, Solid, Velocis or a custom ODBC interface is enabled.
The windows version of PHP has built in support for this extension. You do not need to load any additional extension in order to use these functions.
Runtime Configuration
The behaviour of these functions is affected by settings in php.ini.
Table 1. Unified ODBC Configuration Options
| Name | Default | Changeable |
|---|---|---|
| odbc.default_db * | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL |
| odbc.default_user * | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL |
| odbc.default_pw * | NULL | PHP_INI_ALL |
| odbc.allow_persistent | "1" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM |
| odbc.check_persistent | "1" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM |
| odbc.max_persistent | "-1" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM |
| odbc.max_links | "-1" | PHP_INI_SYSTEM |
| odbc.defaultlrl | "4096" | PHP_INI_ALL |
| odbc.defaultbinmode | "1" | PHP_INI_ALL |
Note: Entries marked with * are not implemented yet.
Here's a short explanation of the configuration directives.
- odbc.default_db string
ODBC data source to use if none is specified in odbc_connect() or odbc_pconnect().
- odbc.default_user string
User name to use if none is specified in odbc_connect() or odbc_pconnect().
- odbc.default_pw string
Password to use if none is specified in odbc_connect() or odbc_pconnect().
- odbc.allow_persistent boolean
Whether to allow persistent ODBC connections.
- odbc.check_persistent boolean
Check that a connection is still valid before reuse.
- odbc.max_persistent integer
The maximum number of persistent ODBC connections per process.
- odbc.max_links integer
The maximum number of ODBC connections per process, including persistent connections.
- odbc.defaultlrl integer
Handling of LONG fields. Specifies the number of bytes returned to variables.
- odbc.defaultbinmode integer
Handling of binary data.
Predefined Constants
The constants below are defined by this extension, and will only be available when the extension has either been compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime.
- ODBC_TYPE (integer)
- ODBC_BINMODE_PASSTHRU (integer)
- ODBC_BINMODE_RETURN (integer)
- ODBC_BINMODE_CONVERT (integer)
- SQL_ODBC_CURSORS (integer)
- SQL_CUR_USE_DRIVER (integer)
- SQL_CUR_USE_IF_NEEDED (integer)
- SQL_CUR_USE_ODBC (integer)
- SQL_CONCURRENCY (integer)
- SQL_CONCUR_READ_ONLY (integer)
- SQL_CONCUR_LOCK (integer)
- SQL_CONCUR_ROWVER (integer)
- SQL_CONCUR_VALUES (integer)
- SQL_CURSOR_TYPE (integer)
- SQL_CURSOR_FORWARD_ONLY (integer)
- SQL_CURSOR_KEYSET_DRIVEN (integer)
- SQL_CURSOR_DYNAMIC (integer)
- SQL_CURSOR_STATIC (integer)
- SQL_KEYSET_SIZE (integer)
- SQL_CHAR (integer)
- SQL_VARCHAR (integer)
- SQL_LONGVARCHAR (integer)
- SQL_DECIMAL (integer)
- SQL_NUMERIC (integer)
- SQL_BIT (integer)
- SQL_TINYINT (integer)
- SQL_SMALLINT (integer)
- SQL_INTEGER (integer)
- SQL_BIGINT (integer)
- SQL_REAL (integer)
- SQL_FLOAT (integer)
- SQL_DOUBLE (integer)
- SQL_BINARY (integer)
- SQL_VARBINARY (integer)
- SQL_LONGVARBINARY (integer)
- SQL_DATE (integer)
- SQL_TIME (integer)
- SQL_TIMESTAMP (integer)
- SQL_TYPE_DATE (integer)
- SQL_TYPE_TIME (integer)
- SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP (integer)
- SQL_BEST_ROWID (integer)
- SQL_ROWVER (integer)
- SQL_SCOPE_CURROW (integer)
- SQL_SCOPE_TRANSACTION (integer)
- SQL_SCOPE_SESSION (integer)
- SQL_NO_NULLS (integer)
- SQL_NULLABLE (integer)
- SQL_INDEX_UNIQUE (integer)
- SQL_INDEX_ALL (integer)
- SQL_ENSURE (integer)
- SQL_QUICK (integer)
- Table of Contents
- odbc_autocommit -- Toggle autocommit behaviour
- odbc_binmode -- Handling of binary column data
- odbc_close_all -- Close all ODBC connections
- odbc_close -- Close an ODBC connection
- odbc_columnprivileges -- Returns a result identifier that can be used to fetch a list of columns and associated privileges
- odbc_columns -- Lists the column names in specified tables. Returns a result identifier containing the information.
- odbc_commit -- Commit an ODBC transaction
- odbc_connect -- Connect to a datasource
- odbc_cursor -- Get cursorname
- odbc_data_source -- Returns information about a current connection
- odbc_do -- Synonym for odbc_exec()
- odbc_error -- Get the last error code
- odbc_errormsg -- Get the last error message
- odbc_exec -- Prepare and execute a SQL statement
- odbc_execute -- Execute a prepared statement
- odbc_fetch_array -- Fetch a result row as an associative array
- odbc_fetch_into -- Fetch one result row into array
- odbc_fetch_object -- Fetch a result row as an object
- odbc_fetch_row -- Fetch a row
- odbc_field_len -- Get the length (precision) of a field
- odbc_field_name -- Get the columnname
- odbc_field_num -- Return column number
- odbc_field_precision -- Synonym for odbc_field_len()
- odbc_field_scale -- Get the scale of a field
- odbc_field_type -- Datatype of a field
- odbc_foreignkeys -- Returns a list of foreign keys in the specified table or a list of foreign keys in other tables that refer to the primary key in the specified table
- odbc_free_result -- Free resources associated with a result
- odbc_gettypeinfo -- Returns a result identifier containing information about data types supported by the data source.
- odbc_longreadlen -- Handling of LONG columns
- odbc_next_result -- Checks if multiple results are available
- odbc_num_fields -- Number of columns in a result
- odbc_num_rows -- Number of rows in a result
- odbc_pconnect -- Open a persistent database connection
- odbc_prepare -- Prepares a statement for execution
- odbc_primarykeys -- Returns a result identifier that can be used to fetch the column names that comprise the primary key for a table
- odbc_procedurecolumns -- Retrieve information about parameters to procedures
- odbc_procedures -- Get the list of procedures stored in a specific data source. Returns a result identifier containing the information.
- odbc_result_all -- Print result as HTML table
- odbc_result -- Get result data
- odbc_rollback -- Rollback a transaction
- odbc_setoption -- Adjust ODBC settings. Returns FALSE if an error occurs, otherwise TRUE.
- odbc_specialcolumns -- Returns either the optimal set of columns that uniquely identifies a row in the table or columns that are automatically updated when any value in the row is updated by a transaction
- odbc_statistics -- Retrieve statistics about a table
- odbc_tableprivileges -- Lists tables and the privileges associated with each table
- odbc_tables -- Get the list of table names stored in a specific data source. Returns a result identifier containing the information.